Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41023539›Full record

ArticleAMB Express2025

Low-grade green coffee with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NY124 protease: extraction, purification, and functional synergy of chlorogenic acid and trigonelline.

Ae Eun Im, Deepti Bharti, Geonwoo Lim, Yunha Bak, Jung Choi, Kwang-Yeol Yang, Namhyeon Park, Seung-Hee Nam

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AMB Express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Milk-Clotting Protease FromFood science & nutrition · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ae Eun Im *Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
Deepti Bharti *Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
Geonwoo LimDepartment of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
Yunha BakDepartment of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
Jung ChoiTea Industry Institute, Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Haenam, South Korea.
Kwang-Yeol YangDepartment of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
Namhyeon ParkDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-8700, USA.
Seung-Hee NamDepartment of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea. namsh1000@jnu.ac.kr.

Funding

Agriculture Science and Technology Development program of Rural Development Administration RS-2022-RD010372; RS-2025-10202968Promotion of Group Research Activation of Chonnam National University RS-2025-0822-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Defective green coffee beans contain bioactive compounds like chlorogenic acid (CGA) and trigonelline, but high caffeine limits applications. For cost-effective, high-purity industrial use of functional ingredients, this study extracted and purified CGA and trigonelline from low-grade green coffee beans using bacterial enzyme and open column chromatography. Steam pretreatment enhanced the CGA content reaching 35 g/kg of dry weight. Among six strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NY124 was selected for its superior CGA and trigonelline extraction. Its enzyme, a 42 kDa protease, was purified and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and zymography. CGA production doubled with 1.88 U/mL NY124 protease, 7.87% (w/v) green coffee, and 6.85 h via response surface methodology. Diaion HP-20 resins removed 89% of caffeine while silica column chromatography yielded caffeine-free CGA, and trigonelline both achieving high (> 95%) purity. The decaffeinated isolate (Decaf), comprising CGA and trigonelline, exhibited greater functional activity than either fraction alone, highlighting their synergistic effect. Decaf exhibited tenfold higher antioxidant activity than control, along with 52.97% α-glucosidase inhibition (five-fold over control). Decaf isolate demonstrated anti-obesity effects by significantly reducing lipid accumulation by 37% and enhancing lipolysis, evidenced by an 89% increase in free glycerol release compared to the non-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Indexed as

Anti-obesityBacillus amyloliquefaciens proteaseBioactive compoundsDefective green coffeeGreen extraction

Identifiers

PMID41023539
PMCPMC12480324

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.