ArticleScientific reports2025
Anticancer efficacy of albumin nanoparticles co-loaded with silver nanoparticles and 5FU in animal model of colon cancer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major challenge to global health and chemotherapy, while effective, often suffers from non-specificity, limited efficacy and severe side effects. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, has a short half-life and systemic toxicity. Targeted delivery systems are crucial to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate albumin nanoparticles (ANPs) co-loaded with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and 5FU (Ag-5FU-ANPs) as a potential strategy to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The AgNPs were synthesized from a green tea extract, characterized (UV-Vis, TEM/SEM, DLS) and showed a spherical morphology with an average size of 89.9 nm. Four nanoparticle formulations (ANP, Ag-ANP, 5FU-ANP, Ag-5FU-ANP) were prepared using a solvent displacement method. Characterization revealed successful encapsulation efficiency (EE) (%EE > 70-80% efficiency) and controlled release kinetics (according to the Higuchi model, > 90% release in 3 days). In vitro studies in normal human fibroblast cells (HFF) showed acceptable cytotoxicity for Ag-5FU-ANP compared to free agents, with minimal hemolysis. In a 21-day colon cancer model using Wistar rats with CT26-induced tumors, intravenous administration of Ag-5FU-ANP showed the most significant anticancer effect, reducing tumor size and tumor weight compared to other groups. Histopathological analysis confirmed increased apoptosis and decreased necrosis in the Ag-5FU-ANP group. However, while the combination therapies showed increased renal toxicity compared to ANP, Ag-5FU-ANP showed less severe hematological toxicity (anemia, leukocytosis) than 5FU monotherapy. The blood analysis confirmed these results. These results suggest that Ag-5FU-ANPs represent a promising dual drug delivery system for colorectal cancer, improving therapeutic outcomes through better localization of the drug and potential exploitation of the anti-cancer properties of AgNPs, while mitigating some systemic side effects associated with 5FU monotherapy through controlled release. Further optimization is required to balance efficacy and toxicity for potential clinical application.
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