Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41022976›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Development and initial clinical application of an early enteral nutrition protocol in oral cancer patients undergoing flap reconstruction surgery.

Min Zhou, Zhu You, Shizhou Zhang, Qin Zhang, Jinhui Yao, Chunyun Liu, Shifang Song, Ting Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Min Zhou *Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Zhu You *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Shizhou ZhangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Qin ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Jinhui YaoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Chunyun LiuDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Shifang SongDepartment of Nursing, Liaocheng Chiping District People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252100, Shandong, China.
Ting ZhaoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. z_t_zhaoting@163.com.

Funding

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation ZR2023QH376
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study developed an evidence-based early enteral nutrition (EEN) protocol for flap-reconstructed oral cancer patients using the Nutrition Care Process Model, refined through Delphi consultation (9 experts, 100% response rate, authority coefficient = 0.912). The finalized protocol contains 5 first-level, 15 second-level, and 31 third-level items. This prospective longitudinal study employed consecutive sampling to enroll 35 oral cancer patients undergoing flap reconstruction at a Grade-A tertiary hospital in Shandong Province (December 2023-May 2024). Venous blood samples were collected at preoperative baseline (T0), 24 h postoperatively (T1), and postoperative day 7 (T2) to evaluate nutritional parameters (serum total protein, albumin, hemoglobin) and inflammatory biomarkers (leukocyte count, absolute neutrophils). Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant decreases in patients' nutritional indices at T1 compared to baseline levels (all P < 0.05), followed by significant recovery at T2 relative to T1 measurements (P < 0.05). Conversely, inflammatory markers exhibited significant elevation at T1 (P < 0.05), with subsequent reduction at T2 (P < 0.05). Notably, although T2 inflammatory levels demonstrated significant decline compared to T1, they remained elevated relative to baseline (T0) values (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in patients was 8.57%, with a mean hospital stay of (10.11 ± 2.41) days. This study was registered at MedicalResearch.org.cn. Trial No. MR-37-23-024753. Retrospective registered 2023.

Indexed as

Enteral NutritionMouth NeoplasmsPlastic Surgery ProceduresSurgical FlapsAdultAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNutritional StatusPostoperative ComplicationsProspective StudiesEarly enteral nutritionEvidence-based nursingFlap reconstruction surgeryNutritional care process modelOral cancer

Identifiers

PMID41022976
PMCPMC12480575

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.