ArticleScientific reports2025
Feasibility of rTMS combined with dexmedetomidine in chronic insomnia disorder.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Bionic sleep therapy for refractory insomnia: a case report and literature review.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Review
- Anesthesia-Informed Approaches to Insomnia: Shared Neural Circuits, Biomimetic Sleep, and Emerging Interventional Strategies.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Multimodal neuroimaging of locus coeruleus-default mode network connectivity for predicting dexmedetomidine response in chronic insomnia disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To explore the efficacy and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with dexmedetomidine (DEX) in treating chronic insomnia disorder. 42 participants were divided into two groups: DEX (N = 23) and rTMS + DEX (N = 19). rTMS was processed with a frequency of 1 Hz, at an intensity of 100% resting motor threshold (RMT), with 1000 stimulation administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), occurring 4 times a week for 4 weeks. DEX was administered nightly with an automatic intravenous infusion device for 4 weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), actigraphy, and the dosage of sedative and hypnotic drugs were recorded at baseline, therapy termination, and follow-up at 1, 3 and 6 month. Concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in plasma were measured at baseline and therapy termination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The PSQI, HAMA and HAMD scores at therapy termination and follow-up period showed a significant decrease compared to baseline (P < 0.01). Light sleep duration and awakening times at therapy termination and follow-up period demonstrated a decrease compared to baseline, along with an increase in deep sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (P < 0.01). The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in the rTMS + DEX group were lower than those in the DEX group, whereas the GSH-Px and SOD were higher (P < 0.05). The treatment-related adverse reactions primarily included dry mouth, thirst, bradycardia and hypertension. rTMS combined with DEX could improve the structure and quality of sleep with chronic insomnia disorder, and also alleviate anxiety and depression, with the efficacy persisting for 6 months. The improvement in sleep with rTMS might be associated with an increase in concentrations of GSH-Px and SOD, and a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Number: ChiCTR2100050114) on 16/08/2021.
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