Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41022747›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Green construction with sustainable foam mortar utilizing recycled polyethylene terephthalate waste for enhanced thermal insulation and durability properties.

Md Azree Othuman Mydin, Paul O Awoyera, Ziad N Taqieddin, Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç, Olaolu George Fadugba, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Roshartini Omar, Shuvo Dip Datta, Oladimeji B Olalusi

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Md Azree Othuman MydinSchool of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. azree@usm.my.
Paul O AwoyeraDepartment of Civil Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. pawoyera@pmu.edu.sa.
Ziad N TaqieddinCivil Engineering Department, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
Yasin Onuralp ÖzkılıçDepartment of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
Olaolu George FadugbaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Gaya, Nigeria. ogfadugba@kab.ac.ug.
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri AbdullahGeopolymer and Green Technology, Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia.
Roshartini OmarDepartment of Construction Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Shuvo Dip DattaDepartment of Building Engineering and Construction Management, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
Oladimeji B OlalusiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explores the development of a sustainable foam mortar incorporating recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as a partial sand replacement to enhance thermal insulation and promote circular economy practices. Foamed mortars incorporating recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste were developed in this study, with the overall goal of addressing the dual challenge of waste management and resource depletion. PET waste, commonly discarded as environmental pollutants, was processed into fine aggregate sizes and used as a partial replacement for sand. There were six mix proportions with PET replacement ratios (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%). PET improved thermal insulation by lowering thermal conductivity from 0.31 W/mK to 0.26 W/mK and reducing density by up to 15%. At 28 days, the compressive strength varied between 12.5 MPa (0% PET) and 9.8 MPa (25% PET), suggesting that it is viable for non-structural applications. Similar declines of 25-30% and 20-25%, respectively, in flexural and tensile strengths were ascribed to weakened interfacial bonding between PET and the cement matrix. At higher PET levels, durability increased, with a 20% decrease in water absorption and a substantial decrease in chloride ion penetration. The use of PET significantly improved thermal properties, and microstructural analysis confirmed more refined pore structures and homogeneous dispersion of PET particles. These results show that PET can be a sustainable alternative to foam mortar, promoting environmentally friendly construction methods and the concepts of the circular economy.

Indexed as

DurabilityFoamed mortarHydrationMicroscale analysisStrength testSustainable development

Identifiers

PMID41022747
PMCPMC12480876

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.