Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41022733›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Equitable cleanup of Superfund sites leaving no U.S. community behind.

Mohammed Azhar, Farshid Vahedifard, Dustin C Brown, Alireza Ermagun, Kaveh Madani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mohammed AzharDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
Farshid VahedifardDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. Farshid.Vahedifard@tufts.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-4533
Dustin C BrownDepartment of Sociology and Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
Alireza ErmagunDepartment of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-5724
Kaveh MadaniUnited Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Richmond Hill, ON, Canada.

Funding

United States Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NA22NWS4680007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Superfund sites are recognized as the most contaminated locations across the U.S. Here we introduce two metrics: (i) the disparity percentage, which quantifies the overrepresentation of vulnerable populations in proximity to Superfund sites, and (ii) the Superfund exposure score, which evaluates the population proportion in a geographical region affected by such proximity. We employ the metrics to develop an Action Priority Matrix (APM) categorizing states and regions into four tiers of cleanup priorities, informed by a spatial analysis of 13,453 Superfund sites across the U.S. About 80% of the U.S. population live within 10 km of at least one Superfund site, with nearly 60% of them residing in areas lacking any cleanup efforts. Asian, Black, and disadvantaged populations are found to be disproportionately overrepresented in Superfund host block groups. Seven states are identified for urgent cleanups using the proposed APM, providing a systematic approach to equitable resource allocation for cleanups.

Indexed as

Environmental PollutionEnvironmental Restoration and RemediationHumansUnited StatesVulnerable Populations

Identifiers

PMID41022733
PMCPMC12480635

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.