ArticlePloS one2025
Association between traditional fermented milk (mursik) consumption and oesophageal carcinoma among patients presenting to two referral hospitals in Nandi County, Kenya: A case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOesophageal carcinoma (OC) is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries yet little evidence exists about its contextual drivers. The objectives of this study were to assess the association between traditional fermented milk (FM) (mursik) consumption and OC independent of known socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors as well as to quantify its population impact among patients presenting to two referral hospitals in Nandi County, Kenya.
methodsA hospital-based case-control study was employed to assess the FM-OC relationship among patients presenting to Kapsabet Surgical Care Centre and Kapsabet County Referral Hospital in Nandi County, Kenya for care between 23rd November 2023 and 13th January 2024. All 33 cases meeting specific eligibility criteria were prospectively recruited whilst 131 controls were simple randomly sampled and frequency-matched to the cases by hospital and day of presentation. A logistic regression model was fitted to assess the FM-OC association while adjusting for potential confounders. Subsequently, a population attributable fraction (PAF) for the association (along with its confidence interval) was estimated.
resultsA strong association between FM and OC was noted; the odds of OC among frequent and infrequent consumers of FM being over nine (OR 9.1, 95% CI: 3.1-26.6) and three (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.2) times higher, respectively, than non-consumers. This association was not substantially confounded by the studied socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. The PAF estimate for this association was 65.2% (95% CI: 40.1-90.7).
conclusionsIn this study setting, mursik consumption was strongly associated with OC independent of other risk factors. This association registered a high PAF suggesting that up to 65% of OC in the population could be prevented if mursik was not consumed. This finding calls for safe, community-owned alternatives for fermenting milk in order to mitigate the risk of OC in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.