Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41020975›Full record

ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2026

Association between axial length and corneal refractive power in the two-continent population-based studies project.

Jost B Jonas, Mukharram M Bikbov, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Ellina M Iakupova, Leisan I Gilemzianova, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Ya Xing Wang, Jie Xu, Vinay Nangia and 10 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Jost B JonasRothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Français de Myopie, Paris, France. Jost.Jonas@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227
Mukharram M BikbovUfa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
Gyulli M KazakbaevaUfa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
Ellina M IakupovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
Leisan I GilemzianovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
Albina A FakhretdinovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
Azaliia M TuliakovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
Ya Xing WangBeijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. yaxingw@gmail.com.
Jie XuBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng, 100730, Beijing, China.
Vinay NangiaSuraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India.
Prabhat V NangiaSuraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India.
Shouling WuHealth Care Center, Kailuan Group, Tangshan, China.
Shuohua ChenHealth Care Center, Kailuan Group, Tangshan, China.
Hongsheng BiAffiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Yuanyuan HuAffiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Yi QuShandong Institute of Eye Disease, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Dan ZhuThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Xusheng WuThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Rahul A JonasDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Songhomitra Panda-JonasRothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Français de Myopie, Paris, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine associations between corneal refractive power (CRP) and axial length (AL) in various populations of different ethnicities and age.

methodsUsing biometry, we measured AL and CRP in population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), Ural Very Old Study (UVOS), Beijing Eye Study (BES), Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS), and Kailuan Eye Study (KES), all examining adults, and the Ural Children Eye Study (UCES), Shandong Children Eye Study (SCES) and Hinggan Children Eye Study (HCES), all examining schoolchildren).

resultsIn all studies examining adults, CRP significantly and linearly decreased with longer AL for the AL range from 21.0 mm to 24.0 mm (UEMS and UVOS) or 24.5 mm (BES, CIEMS and KES). For an AL > 24.0-24.5 mm, CRP was statistically independent of AL (UEMS:P = 0.38; UVOS:P = 0.10), or increased with longer AL (BES:P = 0.02; CIEMS:P < 0.001). In the KES, CRP plateaued for an AL from 24.0 mm to 26.5 mm, and showed a decrease for an AL of 26.5 + mm. In all studies on schoolchildren, CRP continuously decreased with longer AL across the whole range of AL, spanning from 21.0 mm to 26.5 + mm, with a steeper decrease for an AL between 21.0 mm and 24.0 mm than for an AL of 24.0 + mm. For an AL of 24.0 + mm, the CRP values were significantly (P > 0.001) lower in all three schoolchildren studies than in the studies including adults.

conclusionsMyopia varies between schoolchildren and adults in the relationship between AL and CRP, potentially pointing to a difference between entities. KEY MESSAGES: What is known Corneal refractive power (CRP) is correlated with axial length. What is new In adults, CRP significantly and linearly decreased with longer axial length for the axial length range from 21.0mm to approximately 24.5mm, while for an axial length of >24.5mm, the CRP was statistically independent of axial length or increased with longer axial length. In schoolchildren, the CRP continuously decreased with longer axial length across the whole range of axial length, including the highly myopic part, with a steeper decrease in CRP for an axial length between 21.0mm and 24.0mm than for an axial length of 24.0+mm. These differences between myopia in schoolchildren and myopia in adults may give a hint that today´s schoolchildren myopia may partially differ from the myopia of adults.

Indexed as

Axial Length, EyeCorneaMyopiaPopulation SurveillanceRefraction, OcularAdolescentAdultAgedBiometryChildChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleHumansIndiaMaleAxial lengthBeijing eye studyCentral India eye and medical studyCorneal refractive powerHigh myopiaHinggan children eye studyKailuan eye studyMyopiaMyopic macular degenerationShandong children eye studyUral eye and medical study

Identifiers

PMID41020975

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.