ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2025
Associations between Insurance Status, Financial Hardship, and Rurality on Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Mammography.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Racial and/or Ethnic Differences in Adherence to Preventive Care Guidelines among US Adults Using a Nationally Representative Survey of All Eight Major Racial and/or Ethnic Populations.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Determinants of self-reported sustained breast cancer screening among women in Shenzhen, China: a study based on the health belief model.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundVarying mammography guidelines can serve as a barrier to care. It is unknown how financial hardship, insurance, and rurality are associated with mammography receipt.
methodsThis cross-sectional study used 2023 National Health Interview Survey data. Outcomes included receipt of an American Cancer Society (ACS) or US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guideline-concordant mammogram. Exposures included report of healthcare-related financial hardship (HRFH), insurance status, and rurality. We estimated ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the interaction between (1) HRFH and insurance status and (2) HRFH and rurality on receipt of an ACS or USPSTF mammogram.
resultsA total of 11,138 women were included who were eligible to receive a mammogram based on USPSTF guidelines. The mean age was 51 years, 61% were non-Hispanic White, 10% lived in poverty, and 19% had not received a USPSTF guideline-concordant mammogram. We found that among insured individuals, those who did vs did not report HRFH had lower odds of receipt of a USPSTF guideline-concordant mammogram (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.80). Additionally, we found that among urban residents, those who did vs did not report HRFH had lower odds of receipt of an USPSTF guideline-concordant mammogram (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.79). The results were similar assessing the receipt of an ACS guideline-concordant mammogram.
conclusionsFinancial hardship is a barrier to mammography regardless of insurance status and rural residence. IMPACT: Programs that address financial barriers to cancer screening beyond insurance and rural access are needed.
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