Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41020679›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

Ultra-Robust Conductive Hydrogels Enabled by a Gradient Bond-Breaking Pseudo-Drying Strategy.

Dongchao Ji, Hongyang Han, Jiajun Li, Xiaoman Fei, Xiaolei Wang, Zhuochao Wang, Tao Song, Lei Yang, Zhibo Zhang, Wenxin Cao and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Ultra-Robust Conductive Hydrogels Enabled by a Gradient Bond-Breaking Pseudo-Drying Strategy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Dongchao JiNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Hongyang HanSchool of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
Jiajun LiNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Xiaoman FeiNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Xiaolei WangNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Zhuochao WangNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Tao SongSchool of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
Lei YangNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Zhibo ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Wenxin CaoNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Jiecai HanNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Jiaqi ZhuNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-7260

Funding

Aeronautical Science Foundation of China 2022Z065077001China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M700036China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023T160156Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province 2022ZX06C05Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province 2024ZX12C08Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province GA21D001Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province JD2023SJ13National Youth Science Funds of China 52102039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogels, hydrophilic polymer networks mimicking biological tissues, hold great potential in biomedical applications such as electronic skin, tissue engineering, and biosensors. However, conventional hydrogels often struggle to concurrently achieve high strength, modulus, toughness, and fracture resistance, while dehydration and low-temperature crystallization further limit their utility. Here, a biomimetic gradient bond-breaking strategy is proposed to address these challenges. By constructing a hydrogel with covalently crosslinked hierarchical reinforcing phases-crystalline domains and self-assembled aramid nanofibers (ANFs) networks-within the aqueous-poor phase, preferential covalent bond rupture is enabled to enhance modulus, while hydrogen bond-rich nanocrystalline domains and ANFs networks synergistically improve toughness. This mechanism yields fracture-resistant properties akin to dry-state materials, achieving a modulus of 12.4 MPa, toughness of 73.66 MJ m

Indexed as

anisotropic hydrogelaramid nanofiberscross‐scale networksgradient bond‐breakingpolyvinyl alcoholpseudo‐drying

Identifiers

PMID41020679
PMCPMC12677661

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.