Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41020493›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical investigation2026

The intergenerational effects of low parental socio-economic position on cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Juan Carlos Rivillas-García, Emilie Courtin, Eleanor Winpenny, Olaide Adebayo-Clement, Raúl Devia-Rodríguez, Ornella Moreno-Mattar, Paolo Vineis

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Juan Carlos Rivillas-GarcíaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0961-3079
Emilie CourtinDepartment of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE), London, UK.
Eleanor WinpennySchool of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Olaide Adebayo-ClementMRC Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Raúl Devia-RodríguezUniversity Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ornella Moreno-MattarHealth Inequalities Research Group/Employment Conditions Network (GREDS-EMCO NET), JHU-UPF Public Policy Center (JHU-UPF PPC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), UPF Barcelona, School of Management (UPF-BSM), Barcelona, Spain.
Paolo VineisMRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Funding

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of ColombiaMRC Environment and Health, Imperial College London
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvidence on the impacts of parental and early life socio-economic position (SEP) on health outcomes in adulthood remains mixed. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between low parental SEP and adult cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in individuals aged 18 years and older.

methodsA systematic search across five databases (EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Cinahl, Global Health and Maternity and Infant Care until January 01, 2022) identified observational studies linking parental SEP with adult cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. Pooled Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) were estimated using random-effects models. Risk of bias, heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the Cochrane tool, subgroup analysis and Egger's test, respectively.

resultsThe review included 38 studies (12 in meta-analysis, n = 388,674). Findings showed that lower parental SEP was significantly associated with elevated blood pressure (SMD = .30 mmHg; 95% CI: .10, .50; I

conclusionsLow parental socio-economic position negatively impacts adult offspring health, manifesting as higher blood pressure, elevated C-reactive protein, increased interleukin-6, greater adiposity and higher allostatic load. Future research should prioritise three critical areas: mechanistic specificity, intersectional pathways and life-course timing and critical period detection.

Indexed as

HypertensionInflammationParentsSocial ClassAdiposityAdultBiomarkersBlood PressureCardiometabolic Risk FactorsC-Reactive ProteinHumansInterleukin-6Socioeconomic FactorsBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-6biological mechanismscardiometabolic biomarkersinflammationlife course epidemiologyparental socio‐economic position

Identifiers

PMID41020493
PMCPMC12817245

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.