ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025
Low-Energy Availability Indicators Among Female Adolescents After Concussion: A Comparison With Uninjured Controls.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: After concussion, metabolic disruption causes a mismatch between the brain's energy demand and the body's ability to deliver energy to the brain. Physical activity (ie, energy expenditure) is recommended after concussion to facilitate recovery. Low-energy availability (LEA) is defined as inadequate energy available to support physiologic function after accounting for exercise energy expenditure and may influence concussion symptoms or disrupt/prolong recovery. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was (1) to investigate LEA indicators (LEA-I) among female adolescents with and without recent concussion and (2) to examine the relationship between LEA-I and concussion symptom severity. It was hypothesized that (1) participants with concussion would have higher LEA-I than controls and (2) LEA-I and concussion symptom severity would be moderately correlated. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Two groups of female adolescents ages 13 to 18 years completed the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q): uninjured controls and adolescents within 21 days of concussion. The LEAF-Q evaluates gastrointestinal symptoms, menstrual function, and injury frequency (range, 0-25). LEA-I was defined as scores ≥8, indicative of high LEA risk. Participants with concussion rated symptoms using the Post-concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI; range, 0-120), with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. We used independent samples Results: We enrolled 117 female adolescents: 88 controls (mean ± SD age, 15.9 ± 1.5 years) and 29 with concussion (age, 15.5 ± 1.4 years). Upon univariable analysis, the concussion group reported significantly higher LEAF-Q scores than controls (9.1 ± 4.0 vs 6.0 ± 3.7; Conclusion: Female adolescents after concussion had LEAF-Q scores indicative of high LEA risk, while controls did not. The lack of correlation between LEAF-Q and PCSI scores suggests that LEA-I is not associated with concussion symptoms.
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