Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41019377›Full record

ArticleiScience2025

Sex-specific expression and function of TRIM28 during mouse primordial germ differentiation.

Jonathan A DiRusso, Lingyu Zhan, Yu Tao, Allison L Wang, Xinyu Xiang, Alexander C Robbins, Azra J Cruz, Wanlu Liu, Amander T Clark

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jonathan A DiRussoDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Lingyu ZhanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Yu TaoDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Allison L WangDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Xinyu XiangZhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China.
Alexander C RobbinsDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Azra J CruzDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Wanlu LiuZhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China.
Amander T ClarkDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Funding

Understanding Epigenetic Remodeling in Primordial Germ CellsR01HD058047 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI CLARK, AMANDER · 2009 to 2023
$5.6M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD058047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors to the adult germline and must facilitate high-fidelity transfer of genomic material from one generation to the next. Transposable elements (TEs) represent an ongoing threat to genomic fidelity and are therefore tightly controlled during embryonic germline development. Here, we find that some TEs change in accessibility during normal PGC differentiation, while others are constitutively repressed by tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), a master TE regulator. We find that TRIM28 itself is regulated in a sex-specific manner and represses sex-specific TEs. In both testicular and ovarian PGCs, TRIM28 protects against upregulation of 2-cell (2C)-associated genes, dysregulation of PGC differentiation, and incomplete activation of DAZL. This perturbs testicular and ovarian PGCs differently, with testicular PGCs failing to differentiate in embryonic life while ovarian PGCs inefficiently enter meiosis leading to a diminished ovarian reserve by the onset of sexual maturity.

Indexed as

Cell biologyEpigeneticsMolecular biology

Identifiers

PMID41019377
PMCPMC12475620

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.