ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Modulating the gut-immune axis to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dried Ginger Milk Extract Alleviates Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Bone Loss via Gut Microbiota-Metabolite Remodeling and MEK/ERK Inhibition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory effects ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy and gut microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA sequencing in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura treated with integrated Chinese and Western medicine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by systemic inflammation and joint destruction, remains challenging to treat due to the limitations of conventional therapies, including side effects and diminishing efficacy. Emerging research underscores the gut-immune axis-a dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, immune responses, and inflammation-as a pivotal contributor to RA pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), recognized for its established safety and accessibility, has been shown to synergistically alleviate symptoms of RA when used alongside conventional treatments, while significantly reducing drug-related toxicity. Pre-clinical models and clinical trials have demonstrated that TCM formulations, bioactive phytochemicals, and their metabolites can modulate the gut-immune axis by restoring gut microbiota balance and regulating immune-inflammatory pathways. This review summarizes the multi-target effects of TCM, including microbiota modulation and immune system regulation, and proposes a microbiota-centered therapeutic strategy for RA. Although the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in regulating gut microbiota and immune modulation supports its clinical translatability, rigorous mechanistic studies remain essential to facilitate its integration into mainstream rheumatology treatment strategies. This involves research on its pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics, validation of microbiome-dependent mechanisms, and investigation into mechanisms involving microbial metabolites. By integrating millennia of empirical knowledge with cutting-edge systems biology, TCM presents a microbiota-centered holistic strategy for RA management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.