ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
The germinal center-tertiary lymphoid structure after neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for locally advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma can predict the disease progression.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global research landscape and emerging trends of tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Decoding B-cell Signatures of Complete Pathologic Response to Perioperative Chemoimmunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- TLS as Predictors and Targets in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Spatial distribution analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma predicts patient survival and response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neoadjuvant and perioperative cancer immunotherapy: a review and proposed framework for biomarker interpretation and validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are the anti-tumor immune hubs in the tumor microenvironment. The germinal center (GC) (a marker of maturation) and spatial distribution of TLS may determine the responsiveness of immunotherapy. However, the regulatory mechanism of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and combined immunotherapy (NACT-IO) on the dynamic remodeling of TLS has not been elucidated. Methods: The NACT-IO group (72 patients), NACT group (50 patients), UT group (50 patients, un-neoadjuvant therapy) were included. Multiple immunofluorescence (mIF) was used to analyze the difference of microenvironment in paired samples (the same case) pre and post neoadjuvant therapy. To further analyze the effect of treatment on the maturity and spatial distribution pattern of TLS (within/outside tumor bed) in postoperative samples, and to establish a quantitative method of TLS based on hot spot area to evaluate its prognostic value. Results: Spatial heterogeneity analysis that the density of total TLSs (t-TLSs) and GC-positive TLSs (GC-TLSs) in the tumor bed of NACT ( Conclusions: This study reveals for the first time that NACT and NACT-IO enhance anti-tumor efficacy through multidimensional (abundance, spatial distribution and maturity) dynamic remodeling of TLS, and proposes the short course of ≤ 2 cycles of NACT-IO can maximize the prognostic value of GC-TLS, providing key evidence for optimizing the treatment ' time window '.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.