Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41018754›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma: global trends and disparities.

Fengling Du, Long Gu, Junyi Wang, Chan Zhang, Chun Li, Shuai Zhao, Yunchuan Shen, Mei Luo, Yun Yan, Jian Zhou and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Fengling Du *Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Long Gu *Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Junyi Wang *Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Chan ZhangDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Chun LiClinical Trial Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Shuai ZhaoDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Yunchuan ShenDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Mei LuoDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Yun YanDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Wenbin DongDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma (NE-BAT) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset, we analyzed global incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of NE-BAT from 1990 to 2021. We examined age-standardized rates, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC), socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, gender differences, and used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for 2031 projections. Results: From 1990 to 2021, global age-standardized incidence rate declined from 20.22 to 17.16 per 100,000 (EAPC: -0.56), while prevalence increased from 129.73 to 242.03 per 100,000 (EAPC: 2.16). Males had higher incidence (19.93 vs. 14.18 per 100,000) and prevalence (291.46 vs. 191.38 per 100,000) than females. Mortality declined from 13.81 to 9.75 per 100,000 (EAPC: -1.24), and DALYs decreased from 1270.67 to 932.14 per 100,000 (EAPC: -1.12). Low SDI locations had NE-BAT-specific mortality rates 27 times higher than high SDI locations (17.77 vs. 0.66 per 100,000 in 2021). Projections to 2031 suggest continued declines in incidence and DALYs but rising prevalence and mortality rates. Conclusion: While global burden of NE-BAT has improved through reduced incidence and DALYs, persistent gender and regional disparities, along with rising prevalence rates, pose ongoing challenges. Targeted interventions addressing these disparities, particularly in low SDI locations, are essential to improve neonatal outcomes and reduce health inequalities.

Indexed as

Asphyxia NeonatorumBrain DiseasesGlobal HealthHealth Status DisparitiesDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornMalePrevalenceasphyxia neonatorumbirth injuriesepidemiologyglobal healthinfant mortalityneonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma

Identifiers

PMID41018754
PMCPMC12460252

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.