ReviewCureus2025
Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems in Intravesical Therapy for Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems in urologic oncology: From targeted therapy to precision theranostics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for the majority of newly diagnosed bladder cancer (BC) cases and is known for its high recurrence rate after initial treatment. The current standard of care includes the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), followed by adjuvant intravesical therapy. However, therapeutic outcomes of intravesical therapies are often limited by the physiological characteristics of the urinary bladder, including continuous urine production and voiding, as well as the presence of the bladder permeability barrier (BPB), which reduces drug retention time and limits therapeutic efficacy. In response to these limitations, nanoparticle-based (NP-based) drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as a promising tool to prolong intravesical drug retention, improve treatment efficacy, and minimize systemic toxicity. This narrative review provides an overview of the available literature on NP-based DDS, with applications in the intravesical treatment of NMIBC, categorizing them into organic, inorganic, carbon-based, and composite-based nanoparticles (NPs). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar (up to 2025), with Boolean combinations of terms related to NMIBC, NP-based DDS, intravesical therapy, and the various subtypes of NPs investigated in this review. Each NP subtype offers distinct advantages, such as improved mucoadhesion, controlled drug release, multifunctionality, and potential for targeted delivery. Preclinical studies have shown encouraging outcomes; however, there is a lack of clinical data due to concerns related to toxicity, cost, scalability, and regulatory approval. Continued research and well-designed clinical trials are crucial for validating the safety and efficacy of NP-based DDS. In the future, the successful integration of NP-based DDS into intravesical therapy of NMIBC could reduce recurrence rates and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.