ArticleLanguage, cognition and neuroscience2022
Within- and between-language competition in adult second language learners: implications for language proficiency.
Article in Language, cognition and neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Language nonselective lexical access in bilinguals: Input modality matters.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Parallel activation of multiple languages in trilinguals: Evidence from eye movements and individual differences.Applied psycholinguistics · 2026Article
- Co-Registration of EEG and Eye-Tracking in Psycholinguistics and Bilingualism Research.Frontiers in language sciences · 2026Article
- From real-time measures to real world differences: New [and old] statistical approaches to individual differences in real-time language processing.Brain research · 2025Review
- The development of real-time spoken and word recognition derives from changes in ability, not maturation.Cognition · 2024Article
- Article
- Analysing data from the psycholinguistic visual-world paradigm: Comparison of different analysis methods.Behavior research methods · 2023Article
- Understanding language processing in variable populations on their own terms: Towards a functionalist psycholinguistics of individual differences, development, and disorders.Applied psycholinguistics · 2023Article
- Article
- Multimodal bilinguals reveal complex pathways for flexible language processing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The Slow Development of Real-Time Processing: Spoken-Word Recognition as a Crucible for New Thinking About Language Acquisition and Language Disorders.Current directions in psychological science · 2022Article
- The pictures who shall not be named: Empirical support for benefits of preview in the Visual World Paradigm.Journal of memory and language · 2021Article
- Commentary: L2 Phonology: Where Theory, Data, and Methods Meet.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Second language (L2) learners must not only acquire L2 knowledge (i.e. vocabulary and grammar), but they must also rapidly access this knowledge. In monolinguals, efficient spoken word recognition is accomplished via lexical competition, by which listeners activate a range of candidates that compete for recognition as the signal unfolds. We examined this in adult L2 learners, investigating lexical competition both amongst words of the L2, and between L2 and native language (L1) words. Adult L2 learners (N=33) in their third semester of college Spanish completed a cross-linguistic Visual World Paradigm task to assess lexical activation, along with proficiency assessment (LexTALE-Esp). L2 learners showed typical incremental processing activating both within-L2 and cross-linguistic competitors, similar to fluent bilinguals. Proficiency correlated with both the speed of activating the target (which prior work links to the developmental progression in L1) and the degree to which competition ultimately resolves (linked to robustness of the lexicon).
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