ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Application of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with hypertension: a multicenter retrospective analysis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunotherapy Versus Chemo-Immunotherapy as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50%: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A comprehensive prognostic model for older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy: a multicenter real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their prognostic role in NSCLC patients remains controversial. Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for many cancers, but the pathogenesis underlying HTN in relation to cancer prognosis remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the possible association between HTN and prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients. Data sources: Data on advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy at stages IIIb, IIIc or IV were included. Study selection: Multicenter retrospective studies and trials reporting the use of immunotherapy were included. Main outcomes and measures: Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models and were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analysis on NSCLC hypertensive patients was pre-planned and was presented in the form of Forest Plot. Statistical software utilized for all analyses included statistical analysis system (SAS) V.9.4 and R version 4.2.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Results: Between January 2016 and June 2024, 1175 NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy were enrolled, with 219 (18.6%) classified as hypertensive group and 956 (81.4%) classified as non-hypertensive group. Neutrophil count and ECOG = 2 showed a significant association with OS in univariate analysis (HR = 0.69, 95%Cl: 0.51 - 0.92, P = 0.012, and HR = 1.02, 95%Cl: 1.00 to 1.03, P = 0.008 respectively). In multivariate analysis, ECOG = 2 was significantly correlated with OS (HR = 0.73, 95%Cl: 0.54 to 0.98, P = 0.037) and PD - 1/PD-L1 had significant association with PFS (HR = 1.27, 95%Cl: 1.00 to 1.61, P = 0.050). OS was found significantly longer in non-hypertensive group than in hypertensive group (P = 0.049). No baseline indicator was found significant correlated with the survival prognosis of patients receiving immunotherapy in subgroup analysis. Conclusion and relevance: The non-hypertensive group was associated with a lower risk of mortality than hypertensive group. In subgroup analysis, no baseline indicator was observed a significant correlation with survival prognosis on OS and PFS in hypertensive patients. Our findings provided an important prognostic factor to improve the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy. Prospective randomized trials are needed to further validate these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.