Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41017170›Full record

ArticleJournal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association2025

Clinical Outcomes and Food Triggers Following Low Food Chemical Diet Implementation: A Retrospective Audit of Dietetic Practice.

Zoe Cooke, Kathryn Lynam, Jacqueline Barrett, Jessica R Biesiekierski, Gina Trakman, Caroline J Tuck

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zoe CookeDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Kathryn LynamDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Jacqueline BarrettDiet Solutions, Glen Iris, Australia.
Jessica R BiesiekierskiDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Gina TrakmanDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Caroline J TuckDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.

Funding

J.R.B. is currently supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership 2 Investigator grant (APP2025943).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFood hypersensitivity describes a range of nonimmune food related reactions of varying aetiology causing gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate if the low-chemical diet improves gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms, and whether specific food challenges induce symptoms.

methodsA retrospective clinical audit was conducted on files from 2011 to 2022 from a gastrointestinal specialist dietetic practice. Fifty eligible patient files were identified, all of whom had been recommended to follow a low-chemical diet. One research dietitian extracted data on diet implementation, symptom change during the Restrictive Phase, and symptom provocation during the Rechallenge Phase. Descriptive statistics were used.

resultsThe cohort was predominantly female (80%), mean age 47 years (range 7-85). At baseline the most common gastrointestinal symptom was diarrhoea (22/50, 44%), and extraintestinal symptom was nasal congestion (14/50, 28%). Improvement in at least one symptom following the Restrictive Phase occurred in 88% (44/50). The Restrictive Phase was followed for 2-78 weeks, and unintentional weight loss was documented in 24% (2-10 kg). The Rechallenge Phase duration ranged from 5 to 191 weeks, with 96% (48/50) reporting symptom provocation following at least one challenge. Salicylate challenge most commonly induced diarrhoea (16%), bloating (16%), and itch (14%), while amine challenge induced abdominal pain (10%) and nausea (8%).

conclusionPatients reported an improvement in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, but commonly experienced prolonged dietary restriction. Rechallenge with salicylates and amines provoked symptoms; but this may be confounded by other diet and non-diet factors. High-quality trials with isolated food chemical components are needed.

Indexed as

DieteticsFood HypersensitivityGastrointestinal DiseasesAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildClinical AuditDiarrheaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment Outcomeelimination dietfailsafe dietfood hypersensitivityfood intolerance

Identifiers

PMID41017170
PMCPMC12477417

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.