ArticleClinical oral investigations2025
Biofilm-resistant zwitterionic resin-based adhesive for orthodontic bracket-tooth interfaces: an in vitro evaluation.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Inhibition of cariogenic biofilms by a zinc-doped phosphate-based glass orthodontic adhesive.BMC oral health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAn in vitro study to verify the potential effectiveness of an orthodontic adhesive incorporating a polybetaine zwitterionic mixture in preventing biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND
methods2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), were added to An adhesive at 1 wt% (MS1) And 3 wt% (MS3). The MS0 group had no zwitterions. Flowability measurement, shear bond strength (SBS), the adhesive remnant index (ARI), and the contact angle were assessed. Bracket bonding was performed, and cross-sections were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biofilm formation was analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software. Wilcoxon tests with the Holm correction were used for non-parametric data, and pairwise t-tests with the Bonferroni correction were used for parametric data. Significance was set at P < 0.0001.
resultsFlow analysis showed no significant differences in the experimental groups compared to the MS0 group (P > 0.05). The SEM images confirmed uniform bonding in all groups. SBS decreased significantly with higher MS content (P < 0.0001), And ARI scores shifted with the addition of zwitterionic mixtures, increasing scores to 1 And 2. MS3 showed a significantly lower contact angle compared to MS0 (P < 0.05). MS3 exhibited reduced biofilm formation and lower fluorescence intensity (P < 0.05).
conclusionsDespite reductions in SBS, all adhesives remained at minimum acceptable levels. The 3 wt% zwitterionic adhesive effectively suppressed biofilm formation and may help prevent demineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An orthodontic adhesive containing a zwitterionic mixture can satisfy clinical properties and prevent side effects due to biofilm formation.
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