ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2025
Risk and determinants of mortality associated with invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) disease in Scotland: A national surveillance study.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Increased burden of invasive group A streptococcal disease among Australian children, 2023-2024: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in Persons Experiencing Postpandemic Homelessness in Canada.JAMA network open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesUnderstanding determinants of mortality in invasive Group A Streptococcal (iGAS) infections is essential for developing targeted public health measures and improving clinical management. Using a comprehensive prospectively-collected national surveillance dataset, we set out to investigate factors associated with case fatality in Scotland.
methodsWe included all episodes of iGAS notified in Scotland surveillance data from January 2017 to December 2024. Case fatality was ascertained by 7-day follow-up. Regression models incorporating key clinical, microbiological, and demographic predictors were constructed to investigate factors associated with higher case fatality.
resultsThere were 2209 iGAS notifications, of whom 191 died (8.6%). In multivariate analysis, increasing age (OR for 45-64 years: 2.36 [95% CI:1.3-4.48]; OR for 65-74 years: 4.54 [2.41-8.89]; and OR for 75 years and over: 7.77 [3.4-14.8]; emm type 3.93 (OR: 3.13 [1.43-6.76]) and emm type 1 (3.44 [2-6.15]); alcohol misuse (2.56 [1.36-4.63]); respiratory tract infection (2.07 [1.27-3.32]); and intensive care admission (2.5 [1.7-3.66]) were all significantly associated with mortality.
conclusionCase fatality from iGAS was high, particularly for vulnerable populations, and for those with emm type 3.93 and emm type 1 infections. Novel clinical, therapeutic, and public health interventions to improve clinical outcomes are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.