ArticleArchives of toxicology2026
Electrophysiological modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission by biologically active peptides from Bothrops bilineatus (Viperidae: Crotalinae) venom.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The venom of Bothrops bilineatus, an Amazonian arboreal viper, induces neurotoxicity in mammalian nerve-muscle preparations that is characterized by initial neuromuscular facilitation followed by irreversible blockade. Up until now, the toxins responsible for the neuromuscular excitatory action of this venom have remained unidentified. In this study, we characterized two presynaptically active peptides from B. bilineatus venom using mass spectrometry and electrophysiological analysis at the neuromuscular junction. Fractionation by size-exclusion chromatography yielded eight fractions, with fraction P8 (15 μg/ml) inducing an increase in the twitch amplitude recorded in the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations. Mass spectrometry identified two tripeptides, P8-1 (pEKW) and P8-2 (pENW), in this fraction. Peptide P8-1 was prominently involved in the neuromuscular facilitation and increased the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) in a manner comparable to the whole fraction (P8). This study provides the first identification of bioactive tripeptides with presynaptic neuromodulatory effects in a Viperidae venom. These findings enhance our understanding of snake venom neurotoxicity and support the potential use of venom-derived peptides as tools for studying synaptic physiology and as templates for novel neuroactive therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41015986What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.