ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2025
Maternal anemia during pregnancy and its association with the gut microbiota profile in pregnant and postpartum women, and their infants: a cohort study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gut microbiota in anemia: mechanistic insights into iron metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and immune regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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21 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAnemia is highly prevalent in resource-limited settings, especially during pregnancy and postpartum, and is linked to adverse maternal-infant health outcomes. The role of gut microbiota in anemia during pregnancy remains poorly understood, despite the recognized links between microbiota and maternal-infant health.
objectivesThis study evaluated the association between maternal anemia during pregnancy and the gut microbiota profile in pregnant and postpartum women and their infants.
methodsA longitudinal cohort study was conducted in Pune, India. A total of 218 pregnant women were enrolled at 13-34 weeks of gestation and followed through 1 year postpartum. We examined the cross-sectional association of maternal anemia (hemoglobin <110 g/L) with gut microbiota during the second and third trimesters and the prospective association of maternal anemia during pregnancy with gut microbiota at 6 months for postpartum mothers and infants. Multivariable models (linear, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction) were used to compare α-diversity, β-diversity (Bray-Curtis distance), and abundance of taxa by anemia status.
resultsAlthough gut microbial α-diversity and β-diversity did not differ significantly by maternal anemia status, significant differences in taxa abundance by maternal anemia status among mothers were observed, with log fold changes for Flavonifractor [0.523; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.77] and Enterococcus (0.821; 95% CI: 0.542, 1.1). In infants, significant differences in taxa abundance by maternal anemia status were also found, including Coproccocus_2 (-0.628; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.36) and Desulfovibrio (-2.05; 95% CI: -2.31, -1.78).
conclusionsOur findings reveal a distinct gut microbiota profile in mothers and infants by maternal anemia status. We identified specific taxa that are linked to anemia-related conditions (e.g., iron deficiency) and maternal-infant health outcomes. Future longitudinal studies should explore potential transgenerational associations of maternal anemia with infant microbiota and evaluate whether microbiota-informed interventions, alongside anemia treatments, could improve maternal-infant health outcomes.
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