ArticleNeurochemical research2025
Ligustilide Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury in Aged Mice by Attenuating Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation.
Article in Neurochemical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights of ligustilide in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Ganoderic Acid a Promotes Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury By Protecting Blood-brain Barrier Integrity and Modulating Microglial Polarization.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- The latest research progress of ligustilide in the prevention and treatment of central nervous system disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in the aged population and rapidly triggers a pro-inflammatory response in microglia, leading to severe secondary damage. Ligustilide (LIG), a natural compound with excellent blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, shows great potential in neuroprotection, primarily due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-autophagic properties. However, the role of LIG in elderly TBI remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of LIG on elderly TBI and explore its mechanisms of action. In vivo, we assessed the impact of LIG on behavioral outcomes in elderly TBI mice using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), open field test (OFT), and Morris water maze (MWM) experiment. We also measured the expression of microglial polarization-related proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the distribution and expression of neuronal marker NeuN and astrocytic marker GFAP. In vitro, we examined the effects of LIG on reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential changes, and apoptosis rates in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) BV-2 cells, as well as the expression of microglial polarization-related proteins. The results demonstrated that LIG promoted the polarization of microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype in the brain injury side, reduced the release of inflammatory factors, enhanced autophagy, ensured neuronal survival, and improved neurological deficits and memory impairments in aged TBI mice. In conclusion, LIG attenuates TBI pathology in aged mice by driving microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotypes and enhancing autophagy. This provides a new therapeutic strategy for TBI in aged males.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.