Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41014209›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025

Device for Electrochemical Caffeine Analysis in Fluids (DECAF): A Stir-Bar-Embedded Sensor for Real-Time Caffeine Analysis in Commercial and Homemade Beverages.

Daniel Vargas Ramos, Haozheng Ma, Sina Khazaee Nejad, Callie Luong, Caitlyn Nguyen, Stephanie Bartholomew, Alex Kang, Abdulrahman Al-Shami, Ali Soleimani, Maral P S Mousavi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Daniel Vargas RamosAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-1292-0638
Haozheng MaAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-1964-8807
Sina Khazaee NejadAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7111-3051
Callie LuongDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Caitlyn NguyenAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Stephanie BartholomewMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Alex KangAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Abdulrahman Al-ShamiAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9594-7840
Ali SoleimaniAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4351-2829
Maral P S MousaviAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0004-7178

Funding

OpenNerve Platform for Post-Stroke Dysphagia and Aspiration PneumoniaU41NS129514 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MENG, ELLIS · 2022 to 2024
$14.9M
Building a two-way communication system: Bio-orthogonal superhydrophobic nanoparticles for controlled stimulation and real-time sensing of neurotransmittersDP2GM150018 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MOUSAVI, MARAL · 2022 to 2025
$2.3M
Center for Autonomic Nerve Recording and Stimulation Systems 1U41NS129514-01Ming Hsieh InstiTuteNIGMS NIH HHS DP2 GM150018NIH Director's New Innovator Award DP2GM150018NINDS NIH HHS U41 NS129514USC President's Sustainability Initiative Award
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caffeine (CAF) is the most widely consumed psychoactive compound worldwide; however, accurate labeling of its concentration in commercial beverages remains unregulated. To address this gap and minimize the risks of unintentional overconsumption, a portable electrochemical sensor-DECAF (Device for Electrochemical Caffeine Analysis in Fluids)-is developed for real-time quantification of caffeine in both commercial and homemade beverages. The sensor incorporates Nafion-modified laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes and a phosphate-buffered glass fiber (PBS-GF) layer, facilitating rapid absorption and buffering of liquid samples to ensure stable electrochemical response. Designed in the form of a stir bar, the device operates using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and achieves a detection limit of 0.06 mM, with a linear detection range from 0.5 to 5.0 mM. The system demonstrates high selectivity under varying pH and temperature conditions. DECAF requires only 200 µL of sample and delivers results within 5 min, interfacing wirelessly with a smartphone for real-time data visualization and storage. This compact, low-cost, and user-friendly platform enables on-site caffeine monitoring and holds potential for extension to biofluid analysis and detection of other target analytes, offering a scalable solution for personal health tracking and dietary management.

Indexed as

BeveragesCaffeineElectrochemical TechniquesElectrodesGraphiteHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCaffeineGraphitecaffeineelectrochemical sensorlaser‐induced graphenepoint‐of‐care testingprecision nutrition

Identifiers

PMID41014209
PMCPMC12614151

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.