Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41013967›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Theranostic Probiotic Engineered Living Materials That Dynamically Respond to Inflammation Markers.

Gokce Altin-Yavuzarslan, Sierra M Brooks, James O Park, Kevin B Reed, McKenna Flynn, Olivia L Lanier, Hongyuan Lu, Hal S Alper, Alshakim Nelson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gokce Altin-YavuzarslanMolecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3946 W Stevens Wy NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-3257
Sierra M BrooksMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-2504
James O ParkDepartment of Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Kevin B ReedMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
McKenna FlynnDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building 100 E 24th St #2.606, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Olivia L LanierDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-0465
Hongyuan LuMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Hal S AlperMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-8605
Alshakim NelsonMolecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3946 W Stevens Wy NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-8611

Funding

3D Printed Engineered Living Materials for Drug DeliveryR21EB031256 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI NELSON, ALSHAKIM · 2022 to 2024
$589k
Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs W81XWH-21-1-0167National Science Foundation NNCI-2025489NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB031256NIH HHS R21EB031256-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of smart, implantable devices localized at the site of inflammation to conditionally and proactively combat active inflammation for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has the potential to transform the patient's quality of life compared to conventional treatment modalities. Engineered probiotic organisms can enable dynamic production of therapeutic compounds in response to inflammatory biomarkers. However, delivery and localization of these engineered organisms to the site of inflammation requires their integration into a material or device that sustains their viability and metabolic activity. To this end, a 3D printed engineered living material (ELM) is developed using an engineered probiotic organism (E. coli Nissle 1917) with genetic circuits to sense biomarkers for inflammation and respond with the production of anti-inflammatory compounds. These organisms are incorporated into poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) resins for the light-based 3D printing of 3D constructs. The organisms are physically encapsulated within the PEGDA and are fully viable and metabolically active. The 3D printed ELM devices are able to detect clinically relevant amounts of nitric oxide as an inflammatory biomarker and respond with the production of tryptamine or 1-acetyl-3-carboxyl-β-carboline as representative anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, the ELM devices are efficacious in treating in vitro models of inflammation, including murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Looking forward, these ELM devices could serve as theranostic modalities for the long-term treatment of inflammatory disorders such as IBD.

Indexed as

InflammationProbioticsTheranostic NanomedicineAnimalsBiomarkersEscherichia coliHumansInflammatory Bowel DiseasesMicePolyethylene GlycolsPrinting, Three-DimensionalBiomarkerspoly(ethylene glycol)diacrylatePolyethylene GlycolsE. coli nissle 1917engineered living materialsinflammation treatmentprobiotic therapysmart drug deliverystimuli‐responsive materialstheranostics

Identifiers

PMID41013967
PMCPMC12617286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.