ReviewJournal of eating disorders2025
Exploring the presentation of REDs in ultra endurance sport: a review.
Review in Journal of eating disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and Body Composition.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- "Every Woman Has a Different Cycle and Feels Differently": A Qualitative Study of Athlete-Centred Perspectives on Menstrual Cycle Symptoms and Management in Female Endurance Sports.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Understanding the Behavioural Determinants of Nutrition Practices in Ultra-Endurance Runners in Ireland.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionUltra-endurance sports are characterized by prolonged durations of activity, high energy expenditure, and unique physiological and psychological demands. These factors could exacerbate risks for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and the related conditions of low energy availability (LEA), eating disorders (ED), and disordered eating (DE), amongst others. However, presently there is a lack of information about these topics in ultra-endurance sports.
methodsTo explore risk factors, lived experiences, and research gaps, we conducted a narrative review of studies exploring REDs in ultra-endurance sports. A keyword search was performed in Scopus and PubMed, with supplemental searches of reference lists and Google Scholar. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included to capture the scope of available evidence. Following selection and extraction, key quantitative findings were summarized and qualitative research was thematically analyzed.
resultsSixteen studies (n = 10 quantitative; n = 6 qualitative/case reports) were included in the results. Quantitative studies highlighted the presence of REDs, LEA, and DE/ED among ultra endurance athletes, with one studying showing that up to 65% of athletes may be at-risk. Qualitative studies provided insights into psychological distress, body image concerns, intentional caloric restriction, and the impact of sociocultural pressures on fueling behaviors in athletes.
conclusionsREDs and related conditions pose risks for ultra-endurance athletes, with the combination of high-volume training and psychological drivers likely increasing susceptibility to energy imbalances. Nevertheless, the REDs model may inadequately address underlying psychological factors contributing to LEA and could require integration with ED-based protocols for improved treatment outcomes in ultra-endurance sports and elsewhere.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.