ArticleBMC nursing2025
Impact of the HIRAID emergency nursing framework on nurse and patient outcomes: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.
Article in BMC nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmergency departments (EDs) face sustained demand and diagnostic uncertainty that can undermine consistency, safety, and patient experience. In Saudi Arabia, rapid modernization, multilingual populations, and multinational nursing teams highlight the need for standardized frameworks. HIRAID (History, Infection risk, Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, with ongoing communication and reassessment) is a validated emergency nursing framework with limited evidence outside Australia.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study guided by the RE-AIM framework from October 2024 to February 2025 using bilingual surveys in multiple Riyadh EDs. Primary outcomes were nursing confidence in decision-making and patient satisfaction; secondary outcomes included safety protocol adherence, communication quality, and waiting times. The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and findings may not generalize beyond Riyadh.
resultsNurses trained in HIRAID reported higher confidence and safety protocol adherence than untrained peers. Patients cared for by HIRAID-trained nurses reported greater satisfaction, improved communication, and shorter waiting times.
conclusionsHIRAID implementation in Saudi EDs was associated with improved nurse competencies and patient experience. Despite design and regional limitations, findings support integration of HIRAID into nursing education, documentation, and quality governance, and justify larger longitudinal and multi-center evaluations. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.