Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41013033›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Ex Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Resected Human Bladder with a Forward-Looking Microelectromechanical Systems Mirror-Based Catheter.

Marinka J Remmelink, Paul R Bloemen, Patrick van der Voorn, Xavier Attendu, Richard M van den Elzen, Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen, Jorg R Oddens, Ton G van Leeuwen, Daniel M de Bruin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Prevention of Gastric Cancer.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marinka J RemmelinkDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3118-5373
Paul R BloemenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2845-1378
Patrick van der VoornDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Xavier AttenduDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Richard M van den ElzenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3433-7192
Jakko A NieuwenhuijzenCancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jorg R OddensDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6079-5613
Ton G van LeeuwenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5642-1133
Daniel M de BruinDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3047-3637

Funding

Cure for Cancer foundation N.A.Eurostars research funding ESTAR21207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A technique that enables real-time diagnosis of bladder cancer is needed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising technique, but a forward-looking OCT catheter is necessary for OCT to enable bladder cancer diagnosis. This study aims to describe the design of a novel forward-looking microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based OCT catheter, assess the performance characteristics, and evaluate its ability to identify histopathological characteristics of bladder specimens. A description of the OCT catheter and systems used is provided. Performance characteristics were measured with a beam profiler and microscopy slide (mirror for dispersion and thickness for lateral calibration). Ex vivo measurements were performed on resected bladder tissue from patients undergoing a radical cystectomy. A forward-looking OCT probe with an outer diameter of 2.52 mm and a rigid length of 17 mm was designed and evaluated. The focus position was measured as 10.9 mm from the MEMS mirror, with a Rayleigh length of 2.55 mm. Several histopathological features could be correlated to OCT features of the ex vivo measurements. In conclusion, a forward-looking OCT probe that can be inserted in the working channel of a rigid cystoscope was designed and evaluated. Performance characteristics were overall in line with simulated expectations.

Indexed as

CathetersMicro-Electrical-Mechanical SystemsTomography, Optical CoherenceUrinary BladderUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsEquipment DesignHumansbladder cancermicroelectromechanical systemsoptical coherence tomographyoptical imaging

Identifiers

PMID41013033
PMCPMC12473371

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.