Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41012926›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Characterization of Sub-Resonant Dielectric Spheres by Millimeter-Wave Scattering Measurements.

Max Lippoldt, Jan Hesselbarth

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Max LippoldtInstitute for Radio Frequency Technology (IHF), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2239-8350
Jan HesselbarthInstitute for Radio Frequency Technology (IHF), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4905-8591

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft HE6429/22
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When measuring the size or relative permittivity of a dielectric particle, usually one of the parameters needs to be known for determining the other one. Scattering measurement methods offer an alternative that allows for extracting both the size and the permittivity of the particle under test at the same time. In this paper, bi-static scattering measurements at millimeter-wave frequencies are applied to characterize sub-resonant dielectric spheres of sub-wavelength size. The size and relative permittivity are extracted simultaneously from measurements at Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz). The experimental setup and the data processing procedure are detailed in depth, and the sources of the systematic errors are discussed. Alumina ceramic spheres (with relative permittivity of approximately 10) of diameter as small as 0.8 mm (less than 1/10 of free-space wavelength) were investigated. The extracted diameters and permittivities agree well with the expected values.

Indexed as

electromagnetic scatteringinverse scatteringMie theorymillimeter-wave

Identifiers

PMID41012926
PMCPMC12473298

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.