ArticleVeterinary sciences2025
Immunogenicity of Virus-like Particles Based on VP1 Protein of Bovine Norovirus.
Article in Veterinary sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Calicivirus Infections in Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bovine Norovirus (BNoV) is a member of the enterovirus family that can cause gastroenteritis in calves. This virus poses a significant risk to calf growth and development as well as to the long-term sustainability of the cattle industry in China and elsewhere. No specific treatment or vaccine is currently available; thus, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is paramount. Here, we describe a strategy to assemble BNoV virus-like particles (VLPs) using the insect baculovirus expression system (BEV) to express the major structural protein, VP1, and demonstrate their potentiality as vaccines. The results showed that the BNoV-VLP self-assembled into complete spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 40 nm. When it was immunized in mice, the levels of specific IgG and IgA antibodies peaked at weeks 6 and 7 post-immunization, respectively, with maximum titers of 1:25,600 and 1:200. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the CD4
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