ReviewViruses2025
Codon Usage Bias in Human RNA Viruses and Its Impact on Viral Translation, Fitness, and Evolution.
Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral Strategies and Cellular Countermeasures That Regulate mRNA Access to the Translation Apparatus: Second Edition.Viruses · 2026Article
- Identification of Partitivirus-like RdRPs in theViruses · 2026Article
- Codon usage of human DNA viruses and its similarity to certain host genes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- tRNAs at the Virus-Host Interface.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNAReview
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synonymous codon usage (codon bias) greatly influences not only translation but also mRNA stability. In vertebrates, highly expressed genes preferentially use codons with an optimal tRNA adaptation index (tAI) that mostly end in C or G. Surprisingly, the codon usage of viruses infecting humans often deviates from optimality, showing an enrichment in A/U-ending codons, which are generally associated with slow decoding and reduced mRNA stability. This observation is particularly evident in RNA viruses causing respiratory illnesses in humans. This review analyzes the mutational and selective forces that shape nucleotide composition and codon usage drift in human RNA viruses, as well as their impact on translation, viral fitness, and evolution. It also describes how some viruses overcome suboptimal codon usage to outcompete host mRNA for translation. Finally, the roles of viral tropism and host adaptation in codon usage bias of prototypical viruses are discussed.
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Registered trials
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