Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41012626›Full record

ArticleViruses2025

Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Rare Genetic Variants in Saudi COVID-19 Patients with Extreme Phenotypes.

Rashid Mir, Mohammad Fahad Ullah, Imadeldin Elfaki, Mohammad A Alanazi, Naseh A Algehainy, Faisal H Altemani, Mamdoh S Moawadh, Faris J Tayeb, Badr A Alsayed, Mohammad Muzaffar Mir and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Rayleigh Quotient and Contrastive Principal Component Analysis II.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rashid MirPrince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4014-2332
Mohammad Fahad UllahDepartment of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8059-5571
Imadeldin ElfakiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad A AlanaziDepartment of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-6766-3237
Naseh A AlgehainyPrince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal H AltemaniDepartment of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1746-1631
Mamdoh S MoawadhDepartment of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0005-4391-179X
Faris J TayebDepartment of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8906-198X
Badr A AlsayedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Muzaffar MirDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2068-3075
Jaber AlfaifiDepartment of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4507-3970
Syed Khalid MustafaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1157-9447
Jameel BarnawiPrince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0002-1508-3331
Salma Saleh AlrdaheDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8243-6275

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global impact of COVID-19 was staggering, with millions of cases and related mortality reported worldwide. Genetic variations play a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and progress to severe disease. This pilot study provides an experimental approach using WES to identify certain rare and novel genetic variants that might affect an individual's susceptibility to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering an initial exploration of these genetic variants. In the study cohort with 16 patients, the mortality rate was higher in male patients due to severe disease. There was a substantial burden of comorbidity, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and T2DM, conditions which independently increase the risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. A total of 4478 variants were identified, distributed across 322 genes within the cohort. The majority of these variants were missense substitutions along with frameshift variants, inframe insertions/deletions (indels), and nonsense variants. The variants were further categorized by types to include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), deletions (DEL), and insertions (INS). The gene with the highest number of variants was

Indexed as

COVID-19Exome SequencingGenetic VariationSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypePilot ProjectsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSaudi Arabiacomorbiditygenetic variantsSARS-CoV-2whole-exome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID41012626
PMCPMC12474163

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.