ArticleToxics2025
DEET Metabolite and Hearing Loss in United States Adults.
Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) causes numerous challenges for individuals. N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is a common ingredient in insect repellants and some sunscreens. M-(diethylcarbamoyl) benzoic acid (DCBA) is a DEET metabolite measured in the urine of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. This study examines potential associations between HL and urinary DCBA in U.S. adults. Speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) was defined as an average hearing threshold above 25 dB across four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz). In comparison, high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) was based on the average threshold above 25 dB at three higher frequencies (3, 4, and 6 kHz) in the better hearing ear. Hearing loss severity was categorized as normal (≤25 dB), mild (26-40 dB), and moderate or worse (≥41 dB). Higher DCBA exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL). Participants in the highest exposure quartile had greater odds of HFHL (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.14-4.81), with a dose-response trend (
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Registered trials
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