ArticleVaccines2025
Transcriptomic Analysis of Immune Tolerance Induction in NOD Mice Following Oral Vaccination with GAD65-
Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Oral GAD65-Microorganisms · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. While conventional insulin therapy manages hyperglycemia, it fails to halt autoimmunity. Oral immunotherapy targeting autoantigens like GAD65 offers potential for antigen-specific tolerance; however, its efficacy is limited by gastrointestinal degradation and poor mucosal uptake.
methodsNon-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were randomized into control and GAD65 groups, receiving oral PBS or the GAD65 recombinant
resultsThe study demonstrated that the orally administered GAD65-
conclusionsOur findings have enhanced the comprehension of the mechanisms by which oral vaccines influence the interplay between mucosal and systemic immune responses, thereby establishing a foundational framework for the design of oral vaccines. This understanding is instrumental in advancing antigen-specific immune tolerance strategies for autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).
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Registered trials
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