ReviewVaccines2025
Hepatitis B Virus Seroprevalence in Ayacucho, Peru: A Comprehensive Review Across the Pre-Vaccination and Post-Vaccination Periods.
Review in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hepatitis B Research in Peru, 1988-2023: Geographic Inequities, Thematic Gaps, and Misalignment with Disease Burden.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Closing Editorial-Special Issue on "Vaccines and Vaccination: HIV, Hepatitis Viruses and HPV".Vaccines · 2026Article
- From Genome Diversity to Inferred Functional Constraints: An Integrated Evolutionary Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype F.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health concern, with perinatal transmission as the primary route in endemic populations. Ayacucho is a priority region due to its high incidence (second nationally between 2019 and 2024) and the significant decline in vaccination coverage (~15%). This study aims to synthesize existing epidemiological evidence on HBV seroprevalence in Ayacucho, Peru, emphasizing temporal changes observed before and after the implementation of vaccination programs to inform control strategies. This review was conducted, integrating data from diverse population groups, including children, pregnant women, blood donors, high-risk individuals (military personnel, female sex workers, prisoners), and household contacts, to identify transmission patterns and evaluate the impact of immunization efforts. Historically, Ayacucho was hyperendemic, with an HBsAg prevalence of 20% in Huanta (1985-1986) and a high mortality from liver diseases. The introduction of a vaccination in the 1990s led to a drastic reduction in infection rates among children, from 24.4-30.4% (1994) to 2.3-5.1% (1997), and improved overall Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) coverage. However, recent data (2000-2024) reveal a concerning increase in HBV cases since 2012, with peaks in 2016 and 2023, correlating with a decline in vaccination rates post-2021. HBV prevalence remains elevated among high-risk populations-including military personnel, female sex workers, and prisoners-as well as among blood donors (HBsAg: 3.73-5.0%; anti-HBc: 21-33%). In addition, significant knowledge gaps and low adherence to EPI strategies were observed. Despite initial vaccination success, Ayacucho faces a resurgence of HBV infection, exacerbated by declining vaccine coverage and vulnerabilities in high-risk populations. Reinforcing immunization programs and screening strategies is urgent to control and eventually eliminate HBV cases in the region.
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Registered trials
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