Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41011742›Full record

SynthesisPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Epidemiology and Diversity of Paratuberculosis in the Arabian Peninsula: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Implications for One Health.

Md Mazharul Islam, Ahmed K Elfadl, Aisha Naeem, Randa Abdeen, Haya M Al-Hajri, Md Abu Sayeed, Haileyesus Dejene, John I Alawneh, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Md Mazharul IslamDepartment of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0002-7357-9645
Ahmed K ElfadlDepartment of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0002-8300-1409
Aisha NaeemResearch and Graduate Studies, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
Randa AbdeenDepartment of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar.
Haya M Al-HajriDepartment of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar.
Md Abu SayeedNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6626-4178
Haileyesus DejeneSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2196-9334
John I AlawnehPlant Biosecurity and Product Integrity, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
Mohammad Mahmudul HassanSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6495-4637

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Paratuberculosis is a chronic zoonotic bacterial infection, primarily affecting ruminants. This review examines the disease in the Arabian Peninsula, focusing on distribution, molecular diversity, prevalence, and associated risk factors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After duplicate removal and eligibility screening, data extraction, analysis, and quality assessment were performed. Pathogen sequences were retrieved from NCBI GenBank for phylogenetic analysis. The review included a total of 31 published articles from 1997 to 2025, of which 26 were used in the meta-analysis. Most studies (n = 12) were published between 2011 and 2015, predominantly from Saudi Arabia (n = 22), with no reports from Qatar, Bahrain, or Yemen. The majority of the studies involved camels and sheep (n = 16 on each species), followed by cattle (n = 9), goats (n = 7), humans (n = 2), and buffalo (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis delineates two major clades-Type S and Type C-suggesting greater genetic diversity in Type S. The estimated pooled seroprevalence and pathogen prevalence in livestock ruminants were 8.1% and 22.4%, respectively. Herd-level estimated pooled seroprevalence was 26.9%. Small ruminants (19.3%) were more sero-prevalent than large ruminants (7.4%), with goats (28.7%) significantly (

Indexed as

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisParatuberculosisAnimalsCamelusCattleGenetic VariationGoatsHumansLivestockOne HealthPhylogenyPrevalenceRisk FactorsRuminantsSaudi ArabiaSeroepidemiologic Studiesgenetic diversityJohne’s diseaseMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisprevalencerisk factorsruminants

Identifiers

PMID41011742
PMCPMC12472523

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.