ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2025
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)-An Evidence-Based Review of Indications, Efficacy, Harms, and Deprescribing.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deprescribing of proton pump inhibitors in internal medicine in-patients: A retrospective observational study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- PPI Misuse in Bangladesh: Confronting a Silent Epidemic Through Deprescribing and Regulatory Reform-A Policy Perspective.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Real-World Patient-Reported Outcomes With Piromal in Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms.Gastroenterology research · 2026Article
- Prescribing patterns and determinants of long-term proton pump inhibitor use in Malaysian public hospitals.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Medication-safety burden of omeprazole in psychiatric inpatients: A retrospective cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers as a New Frontier in Acid-Related Disorders and the Role of South Korean Pharmacological Innovation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gastroprotective Activity of Myrtenol Derivatives Obtained by Biocatalytic Esterification and Photooxidation.Archiv der Pharmazie · 2026Article
- Plant-Derived Foods and Medicines as Modulators of the Gut Microbiome: Molecular Interactions and Implications for Disease and Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia in a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on Bone Mineral Density: An Updated Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Association of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Nutrient Deficiencies: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Balancing therapeutic benefits and hidden risks of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice: a narrative review and update.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Efficacy of omeprazole combined with endoscopic hemostasis in the treatment of patients with bleeding peptic ulcers.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interaction Architecture in Hospitalized Cardiovascular Patients: Insights from Real-World Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Beyond acid suppression: the multifaceted role of proton pump inhibitors inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence tool utilization in deprescribing practices among community pharmacists in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Review
- Linking Gastroesophageal Reflux Characteristics to Airway Inflammation: Insights from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology in Severe Preschool Wheeze.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide owing to their proven efficacy in symptom control and mucosal healing for acid-related disorders including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), peptic ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori eradication, functional dyspepsia, and gastroprotection in high-risk patients. However, long-term use beyond approved indications is increasingly common and has raised safety concerns. Observational studies link chronic PPI use to a myriad of adverse outcomes such as enteric infections (e.g., Clostridioides difficile), nutrient deficiencies (magnesium, vitamin B12), osteoporotic fractures, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and gastric and colorectal cancer. While causality is not always established, these associations warrant cautious risk-benefit assessment in patients receiving prolonged therapy. Current guidelines advocate periodic review of ongoing PPI use and emphasise deprescribing where appropriate. Strategies include dose reduction, on-demand or intermittent use, and switching to H2-receptor antagonists, particularly in patients with non-erosive reflux disease or functional dyspepsia. Tools from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, American College of Gastroenterology, and the Canadian Deprescribing Network assist clinicians in identifying candidates for tapering or discontinuation. This narrative review focuses on the concept of "PPI stewardship" by providing an evidence-based overview of PPI indications, risks, and deprescribing strategies to promote appropriate, safer, and patient-centred use of acid-suppressive therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.