Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41010222›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Reinforced Concrete Beams with FRP and Hybrid Steel-FRP Composite Bars: Load-Deflection Response, Failure Mechanisms, and Design Implications.

Paulina Dziomdziora, Piotr Smarzewski

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Paulina DziomdzioraFaculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Doctoral School of Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Piotr SmarzewskiFaculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3230-4813

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Corrosion concerns motivate the use of alternatives to conventional steel reinforcement in RC beams. This review evaluates fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and hybrid steel-FRP composite bars (SFCBs) used for durability-critical applications. We conducted a structured literature search focused on 2010-2025 and included seminal pre-2010 studies for context. Experimental studies and code provisions were screened to synthesize evidence on load-deflection response, cracking, and failure, with brief notes on UHPC systems. FRP-RC offers corrosion resistance but limited ductility and an abrupt post-peak response. Steel is ductile and provides warning before failure. SFCB combines durability with steel-core ductility and yields gradual softening and higher energy absorption. Practice should select reinforcement based on stiffness-ductility-durability trade-offs. Current codes only partially cover hybrids. Key gaps include standardized bond-slip and tension-stiffening models for SFCB and robust data on long-term performance under aggressive exposure.

Indexed as

design codesductility and serviceabilitydurability and aggressive environmentsfailure mechanismsfiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) barshybrid reinforcementload–deflection responsereinforced concrete beamssteel–FRP composite bars (SFCBs)

Identifiers

PMID41010222
PMCPMC12471971

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.