Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41010068›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Effect of Ultra-Rapid Heating/Cooling on the Microstructure and Properties of TC4-B-Si Titanium Matrix Composites.

Xiaonan Lu, Jianchao Li, Cheng Liu, Likun Wang, Sainan Ma, Bo Yuan, Bowen Gong, Wenting Ouyang, Huan Wang, Xiang Gao and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. 3D & 4D Printing-In Engineering Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiaonan LuNingbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.ORCID 0009-0005-5290-9907
Jianchao LiInstitute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3628-9697
Cheng LiuInstitute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China.
Likun WangNingbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
Sainan MaNingbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
Bo YuanInstitute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, ShenZhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6398-4180
Bowen GongInstitute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China.
Wenting OuyangInstitute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China.
Huan WangInstitute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 300027, China.
Xiang GaoNingbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4147-7070
Huiping TangAdvanced Materials Additive Manufacturing Innovation Research Center, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
Hua-Xin PengNingbo Global Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1059-671X

Funding

National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFB3707404National Natural Science Foundation of China U24A20103Research Projects of Department of Education of Guangdong Province 2024ZDZX3080
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) possess excellent properties, which are widely applied in various high-end fields. An ultrafine multi-scale network structure may further enhance the TMCs. Then, the application potential is widened. Here, the in situ synthesized TC4-B-Si composites were prepared by selective laser melting technology, to achieve ultrafine microstructure by inducing ultra-rapid heating/cooling process. The preparation process-structure-performance relationships were investigated. It was found that an appropriate laser energy density leads to high-density TMCs with stable molten pools and good interlayer bonding. With the decreasing energy density, the in situ generated TiB network structure is refined from the sub-micron scale to the nano-scale. The most Si atoms are supersaturated solid-dissolved in the titanium matrix. In addition, the TiB distribution becomes heterogeneous. Due to the co-effect of grain refinement and reinforcement distribution, the microhardness shows a rising and then falling trend, with decreasing energy density. With a good balance of these two factors, the maximum value of microhardness reaches 454 HV. Therefore, controlling process parameters is a feasible way to achieve multi-structures, and thus enhanced properties. This method is expected to be used on various lightweight and wear-resistant structural components.

Indexed as

hardnessnanocompositeTC4-B-Siultra-rapid cooling

Identifiers

PMID41010068
PMCPMC12471907

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.