ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Length and Type of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Infection Prevention in Adults Patient in the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surgical site infection incidence and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in the ICU patient: a multicenter observational study.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Biofilm formation on venovenous ECMO cannulas can lead to re-introduction of pathogens during the decannulation process - a small-scale study reveals new insights when combining cultures and molecular results.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Modulation of Surgical Site Infection Risk in Spinal and Thoracic Surgeries Through Operative Parameters: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Regenerative and molecular therapies for myocardial repair (Review).Medicine internationalReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfections following cardiac surgery are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The role of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) and other nosocomial infections is crucial; however, the optimal approach to agent selection, dosing, and duration remains controversial.
objectiveThis narrative review aims to summarise the current evidence and expert recommendations regarding the use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in adults undergoing cardiac surgery, with a particular focus on intensive care settings, transplant recipients, and adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
methodsA comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) principles, microbial epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and practical strategies for tailored prophylaxis in high-risk populations.
resultsCefazolin remains the first-line agent for most procedures, with vancomycin or clindamycin reserved for patients who are allergic to β-lactams or who are colonised with MRSA. Redosing is recommended in cases of prolonged surgery or cardiopulmonary bypass. Evidence supports limiting prophylaxis to ≤24 h, with a potential extension to 48 h in select high-risk cases; however, continuation beyond this is discouraged due to the risk of resistance. In heart transplantation, multimodal prophylaxis against bacteria, fungi, and viruses is essential but must be tailored to the individual patient. In the ECMO setting, the current evidence does not support the routine administration of prophylaxis (AP), and therapy should be tailored based on pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) changes and the clinical context. A multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach to AP in cardiac surgery is essential. Prophylaxis should be patient-specific, microbiologically guided, and limited in duration to reduce the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms. Integrating antimicrobial stewardship, non-pharmacological measures, and rigorous surveillance is crucial for optimising the prevention of infections in this vulnerable population.
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