ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Unraveling Resistance in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Milestones, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Strategies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Imaging and AI in tertiary prevention of lung cancer: Narrative review and clinical perspectives.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Role of Airwave Oscillometry in Patients with Combined Fibrosis-Emphysema Syndrome (CPFE) with Preserved FEV1/FVC Ratio.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Emerging Strategies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: An Overview.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Is Immunotherapy a Contraindication for Treating Lung Cancer Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases? A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Inflammatory-Molecular Clusters as Predictors of Immunotherapy Response in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond survival: psychoneuroimmunology-driven cancer psychological rehabilitation-a paradigm shift from symptom management to biobehavioral remodeling.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Obstructive sleep apnea as a modifier of endocrine toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An evolving landscape: predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological strategies to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last decade, immunotherapy has revolutionized lung cancer treatments, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer, where immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved significant clinical success. However, high percentages of patients do not respond initially or eventually develop a resistance to these therapies. This review explores the evolution and challenges of immunotherapy in lung cancer, highlighting its clinical milestones and intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms. We investigate tumor-intrinsic resistance factors, including alterations in antigen presentation, the loss of Beta-2 microglobulin function, impaired interferon signaling, immune editing, epigenetic modifications, and tumor-extrinsic resistance, such as an immunosuppressive lung tumor microenvironment, dysregulated cytokine profiles, and the upregulation of immune checkpoints. Then, we focus on the emerging role of resistance biomarkers and the development of personalized treatment strategies to overcome these challenges. The complex interplay between tumor biology and immune modulation in lung cancer paves the way for novel approaches for improving the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic treatments.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.