ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Long-Term Clinical and Molecular Changes in Dry Eye Disease and Chronic Ocular Pain.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inflammatory molecules in tear fluid in retinitis pigmentosa: an exploratory case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Associations of tear mediators with ocular surface symptoms, signs, and corneal nerve morphology in dry eye disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent condition characterized by ocular surface inflammation and pain. This study evaluated the long-term progression of DED by analyzing clinical and molecular status, considering the impact of chronic ocular pain. Patients with DED were evaluated at two visits (V1 and V2) separated by at least two years. Evaluations included validated symptom questionnaires alongside slit-lamp examination, corneal sensitivity testing, and sub-basal nerve plexus analysis. Basal tear samples were collected for multiplex quantification of 20 cytokines and substance P (SP), and conjunctival cells were obtained to analyze 25 genes and 12 microRNAs (miRNA). Based on the presence or absence of chronic ocular pain, patients were then divided into two groups. Patients improved in DED-related symptoms, with no changes observed in ocular surface signs. Corneal dendritic cell density decreased, along with epidermal growth factor (EGF), fractalkine, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) tear levels, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 and SP tear levels increased. Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.