Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41009117›Full record

ArticleInsects2025

Preliminary Assessment of Bespoke ('X-tec') Silica Particles for IRS Applications.

Stephania Herodotou, Natalie Lissenden, Kevin Skinley, Derric Nimmo, Janneke Snetselaar, Amy Guy, Peter Myers, Svetlana Ryazanskaya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Insects, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stephania HerodotouInnovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
Natalie LissendenInnovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6578-5537
Kevin SkinleyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Derric NimmoInnovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
Janneke SnetselaarInnovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5882-6855
Amy GuyLiverpool Insect Testing Establishment, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
Peter MyersDepartment of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Svetlana RyazanskayaInnovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.

Funding

Gates Foundation INV-058567
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The efficacy of indoor residual spray (IRS) products is affected by various factors, such as the substrate on which they are sprayed and the surface concentration and bioavailability of the insecticide. This study investigated the potential of bespoke silica particles (hereafter referred to as 'X-tec silica') as a unique carrier for insecticides to reduce the insecticide content in an IRS formulation by improving pickup by mosquitoes and optimising the physical state of the insecticide while maintaining its residual biological activity on a surface. Molecular computer modelling was used to define the critical crystallisation size of clothianidin, and silica particles were manufactured with pore diameters smaller than this length to maintain the insecticide in an amorphous state. Silica carriers were then formulated to incorporate clothianidin inside their pores, and a full material characterisation was conducted to assess the clothianidin coating position on/in the silica particles, their concentration, and their physical form. The clothianidin-formulated silica (10%) was sprayed at three different application rates (30, 60, and 90 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/m

Indexed as

bespoke silicaclothianidinindoor residual sprayingIRSIRS modellingX-tec silica

Identifiers

PMID41009117
PMCPMC12470417

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.