Depolymerization and Nanoliposomal Encapsulation of Grape Seed Condensed Tannins: Physicochemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Release and Bioaccessibility.

Carolina F Morales, Marcela Zamorano, Natalia Brossard, Andreas Rosenkranz, Fernando A Osorio

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Synergistic Integration of Liposomes with Emerging Technologies for Food Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carolina F MoralesDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago (USACH), Av. El Belloto 3735, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile.

Marcela ZamoranoDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago (USACH), Av. El Belloto 3735, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile.

Natalia BrossardDepartment of Fruit Production and Enology, School of Agricultural Science and Natural Systems, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-7444-8869

Andreas RosenkranzDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-9006-1127

Fernando A OsorioDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago (USACH), Av. El Belloto 3735, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-7206-0924

Funding

ANID FONDECYT-CHILE FONDECYT N◦1241250

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Condensed tannins from grape seed residues show high antioxidant activity but low oral bioavailability because of their high degree of polymerization and covalent interactions with proteins. This study aimed to improve their bioaccessibility through depolymerization and encapsulation. Depolymerization was carried out using microwave-assisted SN1 reactions with gallic acid as a nucleophile under food-grade conditions, mainly producing epicatechin monomers with 99.8% polymer degradation efficiency. Importantly, the inhibition of ABTS●+ and DPPH● radicals remained unaffected (

Indexed as

condensed tanninsdepolymerizationenhancement bioaccessibilityin vitro liberationnanoliposomes

Identifiers

PMID41009027

DOI10.3390/antiox14091123

PMCPMC12466359

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.