ArticleCancers2025
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Real-World Analysis of Efficacy and Toxicity.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CR1(+) tumor-associated macrophages orchestrate an immunosuppressive niche in hepatocellular carcinoma: a genetic and multi-omics dissection.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhile immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have redefined systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pivotal trials have not yet included patients with advanced liver disease. Real-world data are needed to assess treatment outcomes in advanced liver disease populations.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 53 HCC patients treated with ICIs at a large single center between January 2017 and June 2023. Clinical characteristics, liver function scores [Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI)], treatment history, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Primary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), survival from ICI initiation (OS-ICI), and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included incidence and predictors of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
resultsAmong 53 HCC patients treated with ICIs, the median OS, OS-ICI, and PFS were 18.7 months (m), 7.4 m, and 4.6 m, respectively. On multivariable analysis, a higher ALBI grade and history of alcohol use were independently associated with worse PFS and OS-ICI, while prior locoregional therapy (LRT) significantly improved OS (HR: 0.43;
conclusionsThese real-world insights into the efficacy and safety of ICI-based therapies across a more diverse HCC population are usually not represented in clinical trials.
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