ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Assessment of Gross Motor Skills Performance in Italian Children with and Without Visual Impairment.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesVision plays a key role in acquiring and automating fundamental movement skills. Evidence from Italy is scarce. This study compared Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) performance between Italian children with visual impairment (VI) and sighted peers and explored differences by degree of VI (severe VI vs. blindness).
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study including 38 children (VI:
resultsChildren with VI scored lower than sighted peers on locomotor, object control, and total TGMD-2 scores (all
conclusionsItalian children with VI show reduced gross motor competence compared with sighted peers, with a substantial developmental lag. Findings support early adapted physical education and structured movement opportunities to promote participation and inclusion. Future studies should examine long-term outcomes and contextual factors shaping motor competence in youth with VI.
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