Size distribution and viral RNA load of influenza virus-laden airborne particles emitted from pigs over the course of an H1N1 infection.

Lan Wang, José Morán, My Yang, Bernard A Olson, Christopher J Hogan, Montserrat Torremorell

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lan WangDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.

José MoránDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

My YangDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.

Bernard A OlsonDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Christopher J HoganDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Montserrat TorremorellDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. torr0033@umn.edu.

Funding

National Institute of Food and Agriculture 2021-68014-33655

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Airborne influenza infections cause significant disease in animals and people. However, there is limited information on the dynamics of viral emissions and size distribution of airborne virus-laden particles generated by infected animals. In this study, we used pigs as a model for the airborne transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) and we quantified nasal shedding, viral RNA load of airborne particles emitted from pigs experimentally infected with a swine-origin H1N1 IAV, and characterized the size distribution of the virus-laden particles generated from infected pigs over the course of infection. We found that the peak of nasal shedding and airborne IAV-laden particles across multiple size ranges took place at 2 days post inoculation (DPI), with higher viral RNA load found in larger particles. The amount of airborne IAV emitted by infected pigs over the course of infection in particles > 8 μm was significantly higher than that in particles between 0.22 and 1.7 μm. These findings help understand the risk of airborne transmission of IAV in pigs and provide information to help control airborne infections more effectively.

Indexed as

Air MicrobiologyInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsRNA, ViralSwine DiseasesViral LoadAnimalsParticle SizeSwineVirus SheddingRNA, ViralAerosolsAirborne transmissionInfluenzaPigsSize distributionVirus-laden particles

Identifiers

PMID41006812

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-18467-z

PMCPMC12475501

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.