ArticleScientific reports2025
Anti-inflammatory activity of Leonotis nepetifolia leaf essential oil in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and its molecular mechanism of action.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibacterial, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Acne Activities ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bioactive secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI)-derived short peptides (SDSPs) attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of the leaf essential oil of Leonotis nepetifolia (LNLEO), traditionally used in folk and ethnomedicine against inflammatory diseases, are evaluated in this study through an in vitro LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage model. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 44 constituents in LNLEO, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and phytol being the predominant terpenoids. Based on the MTT assay, the non-toxic doses of 12.5 and 50 µg/mL of LNLEO were used for in vitro studies. Incubation of LNLEO significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), inflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2), and intracellular ROS, while enhancing the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GPx, and CAT). LNLEO alleviated oxidative stress by attenuating Keap1 and upregulating Nrf2, HO-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that LNLEO treatment inhibited TLR4 and MyD88 expression. Confocal microscopy and RT-qPCR analysis showed a considerable reduction in both nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65 in LPS-activated macrophages. ELISA studies also indicated that LNLEO suppressed inflammation by limiting phosphorylation of MAPKs that are implicated in the activation of NF-κB and other transcription factors. Based on these results, it can be concluded that LNLEO has the potential to modulate several key signaling pathways, which are intricately involved in the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and they can be effectively targeted for therapeutic benefits. However, in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, will be helpful in validating the results for future applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.